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Health and Aging: Unifying Concepts, Scores, Biomarkers and Pathways.

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This study defines health as optimal physiological, cognitive, and physical function without disease. It also defines aging and proposes health biomarkers to predict future health, guiding precision prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomedical Sciences
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Lack of consensus on defining aging and health hinders targeted interventions.
  • Need for measurable health features and predictive biomarkers.
  • Current definitions do not adequately guide precision prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a broadly acceptable definition of health.
  • To define aging and health biomarkers.
  • To identify molecular pathways of health and suggest interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature survey to establish a conceptual framework.
  • Defining health based on core functional features and absence of disease.
  • Defining aging, biomarkers of health, and healthspan pathways.

Main Results:

  • Proposed definition of health: optimal physiological, cognitive, physical, and reproductive function, and lack of disease.
  • Defined aging as processes reducing wellbeing (health or survival).
  • Defined biomarkers of health as predictors of future health superior to chronological age.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed conceptual framework integrates diverse health operationalizations.
  • It guides precision prevention efforts by identifying health pathways and biomarkers.
  • This framework supports the development of targeted interventions for healthspan extension.