Insulin Sensitivity Indices in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with Different Body Mass Index Categories

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of insulin resistance among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of women with PCOS, and determine the association between Antimullerian Hormone (AMH) and PCOS.

In a clinical case series, 544 women with PCOS were included in this study. Body mass index (BMI), Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), and Matsuda index were calculated. Sixty-three women with PCOS and 50 age- and BMI-matched control patients underwent blood sampling for AMH level.

The most common clinical presentation of PCOS in this study was menstrual irregularity followed by hirsutism and infertility. There was no statistically significant difference in the clinical presentation or hormonal profile in women with PCOS according to different BMI categories. The prevalence of insulin resistance among women with PCOS was 37.7%, 69.3%, and 75.8% using HOMA, QUICKI, and Matsuda index, respectively. Furthermore, the Matsuda index had the highest detection rate of insulin resistance, especially in underweight women with PCOS (94.1%). AMH levels in women with PCOS were significantly higher than that in the control group (P-value = 0.015).

Insulin resistance is prevalent among women with PCOS. The detection rate of insulin resistance varies according to the insulin sensitivity index used. Menstrual irregularity was the most common presentation of PCOS. Women with PCOS have significantly higher levels of AMH levels compared to women in the control group.