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Updated: Jan 20, 2026
Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published on: June 21, 2024
Time-resolved three-dimensional technique for dynamic magnetic resonance dacryocystography
Paul I Sia1, David Curragh1, Sandy Patel1
1South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Importance:
This study introduces a new technique in the assessment of nasolacrimal drainage with magnetic resonance imaging.
Background:
To describe a new dynamic magnetic resonance dacryocystography (MRDCG) protocol and report normative findings on asymptomatic lacrimal drainage systems.
Design:
A prospective observational study at the Royal Adelaide Hospital.
Participants:
Seventeen patients with unilateral epiphora were prospectively recruited.
Methods:
Patients underwent dynamic MRDCG. The time-resolved angiography with interleaved stochastic trajectories (TWIST) sequence was used to visualise contrast flow through the lacrimal drainage system.
Main Outcome Measures:
Tear transit times and anatomical dimensions were measured.
Results:
Dynamic MRDCG with TWIST sequence reliably demonstrated contrast flow. Tear transit times and anatomical dimensions were comparable to previously reported values in other imaging modalities.
Conclusions And Relevance:
Dynamic MRDCG provides good structural and temporal resolution to the assessment of lacrimal outflow obstructions. The physiological nature of this modality allows potential assessment for functional obstruction and future research on tear flow assessment.
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