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Related Concept Videos

ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
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Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
In bacteria, based on the number of transmembrane helices and the chemical nature of their substrates, the ABC importers can be divided into three types:
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Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

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A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Determining Basal Energy Expenditure and the Capacity of Thermogenic Adipocytes to Expend Energy in Obese Mice
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Energy coupling in ABC exporters.

Hendrik W van Veen1, Himansha Singh1, Kelvin Agboh1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.

Research in Microbiology
|August 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This review explores the energetics and mechanisms of bacterial ATP-binding cassette multidrug transporters. It also covers recent advances linking multidrug transport to ion and lipid translocation in membrane proteins.

Keywords:
ABC transporterBioenergeticsMultidrug transportTransport mechanisms

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Multidrug transporters are crucial molecular machines for extruding cytotoxic drugs from cells.
  • Understanding their function is vital for combating drug resistance in various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel insights into the energetics and mechanisms of bacterial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multidrug transporters.
  • To discuss recent advances connecting multidrug transport to ion and lipid translocation in other membrane proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on bacterial multidrug transporters.
  • Analysis of data on transporter energetics and mechanisms.
  • Integration of findings with research on related membrane transport processes.

Main Results:

  • Novel insights into the energy-dependent mechanisms of bacterial ABC multidrug transporters.
  • New understanding of the connections between multidrug transport and ion/lipid translocation.
  • Highlighting the diverse roles and mechanisms of membrane transport proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial ABC multidrug transporters represent complex molecular machines with significant implications for drug efficacy.
  • Further research into these transporters and their relation to other membrane transport systems is warranted.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview for researchers in the field.