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Related Concept Videos

Noncompartmental Analysis: Mean Residence Time01:05

Noncompartmental Analysis: Mean Residence Time

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According to statistical moment theory, mean residence time (MRT) is an important measure in pharmacokinetics. MRT can be defined as the expected mean of a probability density function distribution. It provides valuable insights into drug disposition in the body.
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What is an Experiment?01:12

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An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
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In a beam of charged particles created by a heated cathode, the particles move at different speeds. However, many applications need a beam with uniform particle speeds. An arrangement known as a velocity selector uses electric and magnetic fields to pick particles with a particular speed from the beam.
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When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...
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Randomized Experiments

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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
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Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
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Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Surgery
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General surgery resident experience with anorectal surgery.

Asya Ofshteyn1, Morgan Terry1, Katherine Bingmer1

  • 1Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes & Effectiveness Center (UH-RISES), University Hospital, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.

American Journal of Surgery
|August 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

General surgery residents are performing more anorectal procedures, but experience in specific areas like fecal incontinence surgery has declined. Further evaluation is needed to define competence benchmarks for these crucial surgical skills.

Keywords:
ACGME case logsAnorectal diseaseCase numbersColorectal surgeryGeneral surgery resident trainingResident competency

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Education
  • Colorectal Surgery
  • Medical Training

Background:

  • General surgery residents historically graduate with insufficient anorectal procedure experience.
  • Anorectal procedure competence is critical for comprehensive general surgery training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in anorectal procedure experience among general surgery residents.
  • To compare anorectal procedure volumes between two distinct training periods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) general surgery resident case logs from 1999 to 2017.
  • Evaluation of mean anorectal procedure numbers, comparing 1999-2008 (Period 1) with 2009-2017 (Period 2).

Main Results:

  • The mean number of anorectal procedures per resident increased by 25% from 1999-2017 (25.9 to 32.4).
  • Significant increases observed in procedures like abscess drainage, fistula repair, hemorrhoidectomy, and prolapse repair between Period 1 and Period 2 (p ≤ 0.01).
  • Significant decreases noted in sphincterotomy/sphincteroplasty and other fecal incontinence procedures (p ≤ 0.01).

Conclusions:

  • General surgery residents' experience in certain anorectal procedures has improved over time.
  • The number of procedures required to achieve competence in anorectal surgery remains undefined and requires formal assessment.