Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools
Published on: December 28, 2021
Chemosensitizing Effect of Cernumidine Extracted from Solanum cernuum on Bladder Cancer Cells in Vitro
Mariza A Miranda1, Arindam Mondal2, Mandip Sachdeva2
1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract:
Cernumidine (CER) is a guanidinic alkaloid isolated from Solanum cernuum leaves. In this work, we investigated the cytotoxicity, chemosensitizing effect of cernumidine to cisplatin (cDDP) and the possible mechanism of action of the combination on bladder cancer cells. Cernumidine showed cytotoxicity and could sensitize bladder cancer cells to cisplatin. The combination of CER+cDDP inhibited cell migration on T24 cells. CER+cDDP down-regulated MMP-2/9 and p-ERK1/2, while it increased EGFR activity corroborating the observed cell migration inhibition. Down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation pro-apoptotic Bax and further depletion of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) indicates that mitochondria play a central role in the combination treatment inducing the mitochondrial signaling pathway of apoptosis in T24 cells. Our data showed that the alkaloid cernumidine is worthy of further studies as a chemosensitizing agent to be used in complementary chemotherapy.
Related Concept Videos
Urinary Bladder
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra
Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...

