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Updated: Jan 20, 2026
Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft Models for Human Urothelial Cell Carcinoma and Colorectal Cancer Tumor Growth and Spontaneous Metastasis
Published on: May 12, 2019
Metastatic urothelial carcinoma to the liver with unknown primary tumor
Carling Cheung1, Li Zhang2, Marisa M Clifton1
1Dept. of Urology, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA.
Abstract:
Cancer of unknown primary (CUP), a rare and aggressive clinical entity, accounts for approximately 3% of all malignancies. CUP with urothelial origin is even more unusual, with no other cases reported in the current literature. As imaging and other studies often do not reveal the tumor origin, the approach to CUP involves a focused search for the primary tumor, relying on guidance from immunohistochemical staining of biopsy specimens. Treatment consists of standard therapies directed at the most likely tumor origin.
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