Use of chick neural tube for optimizing the PSM and epithelial somites electroporation parameters: A detailed...

Somite myogenesis is one of the crucial early embryonic events that lead to the formation of muscular tissue. A complex of dynamic gene regulatory networks masters this event. To understand and analyze these networks, there remains a genuine need for the use of a reproducible and highly efficient gene transfer technique. In vivo electroporation has proven to be amongst the best approaches in achieving a high level of gene transfer. However, unoptimized electroporation conditions can directly cause varying degrees of cellular damage which may induce abnormal embryonic development as well as changes in the endogenous gene expression. Presegmented mesoderm and epithelial somites are not easy to electroporate. Chick neural tube has served in many functional studies as an ideal experimental model organ which is both robust and easily manipulated. In the current detailed protocol, the neural tube was used as a tool to optimize the electroporation conditions which were subsequently applied in the electroporation of the presegmented mesoderm and epithelial somites. The protocol highlights important notes and hints that enable reproducible results and could be applied in the in vivo electroporation of other chick embryo tissues.