Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective01:23

Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective

345
In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
345
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

33.2K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
33.2K
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation03:12

Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation

39.6K
Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
39.6K
Depressants01:28

Depressants

384
Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
384
Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality01:27

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality

1.5K
The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
Psychodynamic theorists argue that unconscious...
1.5K
Critical Region, Critical Values and Significance Level01:16

Critical Region, Critical Values and Significance Level

13.2K
The critical region, critical value, and significance level are interdependent concepts crucial in hypothesis testing.
In hypothesis testing, a sample statistic is converted to a test statistic using z, t, or chi-square distribution. A critical region is an area under the curve in  probability distributions demarcated by the critical value. When the test statistic falls in this region, it suggests that the null hypothesis must be rejected. As this region contains all those values of the...
13.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gastrointestinal side effects associated with antidepressant treatments in patients with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry·2021
Same author

Possible Modulatory Role of ARC Gene Variants in Mood Disorders.

Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2021
Same author

A Practical Utility and Benefit of Pharmacogenetic-based Antidepressant Treatment Strategy for Major Depressive Disorder Patients with Difficult-to-treat.

Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2021
Same author

Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): A Perspective to Probe the Biological Background behind Treatment Efficacy in Depression.

Current medicinal chemistry·2021
Same author

Cost-effectiveness of genetic and clinical predictors for choosing combined psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in major depression.

Journal of affective disorders·2020
Same author

Higher polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia may be suggestive of treatment non-response in major depressive disorder.

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Perspectives on Neuroscience
26:41

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

5.3K

Pharmacogenetics and Depression: A Critical Perspective.

Filippo Corponi1, Chiara Fabbri2, Alessandro Serretti1

  • 1Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Psychiatry Investigation
|August 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic variations influence antidepressant response. While CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 gene variants are clinically relevant, polygenic panels show promise for predicting treatment outcomes more accurately.

Keywords:
CYP2C19CYP2D6DepressionPharmacogeneticsPrecision medicine

More Related Videos

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats
07:57

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

Published on: February 22, 2018

22.0K
The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior
05:42

The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior

Published on: March 2, 2015

39.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Perspectives on Neuroscience
26:41

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

5.3K
A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats
07:57

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

Published on: February 22, 2018

22.0K
The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior
05:42

The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior

Published on: March 2, 2015

39.7K

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacogenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Depression imposes a significant personal and socioeconomic burden.
  • Suboptimal response to antidepressants (ADs) remains a challenge, partly due to genetic factors.
  • Pharmacogenetics aims to tailor treatments based on genetic variations for improved efficacy and tolerability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of pharmacogenetics in antidepressant treatment.
  • To discuss the role of genetic variants in AD metabolism and action.
  • To highlight advancements and future directions in personalized antidepressant therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pharmacogenetic research over two decades.
  • Analysis of genetic variants affecting AD metabolism (CYP2D6, CYP2C19).
  • Exploration of genomic approaches to assess complex pharmacodynamic variations.

Main Results:

  • CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 variants are established biomarkers for AD metabolism, though cost-effectiveness is debated.
  • Genomic studies reveal biological mechanisms of ADs and identify potential drug targets.
  • Polygenic pharmacogenetic panels are emerging, promising greater prediction of AD response than single-gene variants.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacogenetic testing for ADs is increasing, necessitating clinician awareness.
  • Advancements in genomics are refining our understanding of AD response.
  • Future polygenic panels may significantly enhance personalized antidepressant treatment strategies.