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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Study protocol: Language profile in mild cognitive impairment: A prospective study.

Ahmad R Khatoonabadi1, Jafar Masumi2

  • 1Speech Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran
|August 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This longitudinal study tracks language changes in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) over 12 months. Findings reveal specific language deficits and their progression in these populations.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseEarly language impairmentLanguage profileMild cognitive impairment (MCI)

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Linguistics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Longitudinal investigation of language abilities in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • Assessing language changes over a 12-month period in MCI and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.
  • Examining the relationship between cognitive status and language performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if language impairment exists in MCI and AD.
  • To identify which language aspects are most affected.
  • To track language ability changes over one year.

Main Methods:

  • 30 participants diagnosed with MCI, AD, and controls using MoCA-B and expert interviews.
  • Barnes Language Assessment (BLA) administered at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months.
  • Repeated measures ANOVA and discriminant function analysis to assess changes and identify sensitive language tasks.

Main Results:

  • Evidence for the nature of language change in MCI and AD over one year.
  • Determination of the relative sensitivity of various language components to MCI.
  • Examination of the relationship between language performance and MoCA-B scores.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides insights into language decline in MCI and AD.
  • Identifies specific language deficits associated with cognitive impairment.
  • Establishes the utility of comprehensive language assessments in tracking neurodegenerative progression.