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An Intermediate-Temperature High-Performance Na-ZnCl2 Battery.

Xiaochuan Lu1, Hee Jung Chang1, Jeffery F Bonnett1

  • 1Electrochemical Materials and Systems Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States.

ACS Omega
|August 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The sodium-zinc chloride (Na-ZnCl2) battery offers a cost-effective alternative to nickel-based systems. Its two-step reaction mechanism shows excellent performance in the first step but is limited in the second due to zinc passivation.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Sodium-beta-alumina batteries (NBBs) are crucial for renewable energy integration.
  • Sodium-nickel chloride (Na-NiCl2) batteries offer good performance but are costly due to nickel.
  • Zinc (Zn) presents a cheaper alternative to nickel for battery cathodes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the performance and reaction mechanism of a Na-ZnCl2 battery at 190 °C.
  • Evaluate the feasibility of using zinc as a lower-cost cathode material.
  • Identify factors limiting the battery's overall performance.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical testing of a Na-ZnCl2 cell at 190 °C.
  • Analysis of reaction products and interfaces.
  • Characterization of reaction mechanisms during charge and discharge cycles.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct reversible reaction steps were identified.
  • The first step involves NaCl reacting with Zn to form Na2ZnCl4 at the interface, enabling excellent rate capability.
  • The second step forms ZnCl2 on Zn particle surfaces, leading to passivation and limited rate capability.

Conclusions:

  • The Na-ZnCl2 battery demonstrates potential as a low-cost energy storage solution.
  • The formation of a Na2ZnCl4 intermediate layer facilitates efficient initial charge.
  • Passivation by ZnCl2 during the second reaction step limits overall performance and requires mitigation strategies.