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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas
Published on: July 25, 2025
Insulin-and-Glucagon Artificial Pancreas Versus Insulin-Alone Artificial Pancreas: A Short Review
Ahmad Haidar1,2,3
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Abstract:
IN BRIEF The advantage of the insulin-and-glucagon artificial pancreas is based on the rapid effect of subcutaneous glucagon delivery in preventing hypoglycemia compared to suspension of insulin delivery. In short-term studies, the dual-hormone artificial pancreas reduced daytime hypoglycemia, especially during exercise, compared to the insulin-alone artificial pancreas, but the insulin-alone system seemed sufficient in eliminating nocturnal hypoglycemia. The comparative benefits of the single- and dual-hormone systems for improving A1C and preventing severe hypoglycemia remain unknown.
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