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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Neurostimulation System Setup and Symptom Collection for Personalized Treatment of Depression
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Targeting depressive symptoms with technology.

John Torous1, Paul Cerrato2, John Halamka3,4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Division of Clinical Informatics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Mhealth
|August 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Digital mental health tools like apps and chatbots offer new ways to access care but face challenges. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) developed an evaluation framework to guide informed use of these digital mental health technologies.

Keywords:
American Psychiatric Association (APA)Mental health appschatbotsclinical depressiondepressive symptomsdigital health

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Area of Science:

  • Digital mental health
  • Health informatics
  • Mental healthcare delivery

Background:

  • Growing demand for accessible mental health services fuels interest in digital solutions.
  • Digital mental health tools, including apps and chatbots, present both opportunities and challenges in care delivery.
  • Existing reviews highlight the potential of these tools but also identify significant gaps in their current application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of emerging digital mental health approaches, focusing on chatbots and apps.
  • To explore the characteristics and broader issues surrounding digital mental health applications.
  • To examine the role of these tools in augmenting versus delivering care and their implications for regulation and reimbursement.

Main Methods:

  • Selective review of recent literature on digital mental health apps and chatbots.
  • Analysis of existing reviews to identify current capabilities and limitations.
  • Discussion of the challenges in defining the role, regulation, and reimbursement of digital mental health tools.

Main Results:

  • Digital mental health tools offer novel ways to increase access but require careful consideration of their unique characteristics.
  • Many current applications lack robust evidence and exist in an undefined space regarding their clinical utility.
  • Key struggles involve determining whether apps augment existing care or deliver it independently, impacting their future use.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of digital mental health tools necessitates a clear understanding of their potential and limitations.
  • The American Psychiatric Association (APA) has introduced an app evaluation framework to promote a more informed approach to selecting and utilizing these technologies.
  • Further development and evaluation are needed to ensure digital mental health tools are evidence-based, effectively regulated, and appropriately reimbursed.