Importance of free water in controlling granule and tablet properties in a novel granulation method, green fluidized...

In the pharmaceutical field, green fluidized bed granulation (GFBG) is a novel and eco-friendly manufacturing technology used to produce desired granules via simple blending and spraying steps at ambient temperature using a standard fluidized bed granulator. However, the relations between water content and granule and tablet qualities have not yet been elucidated for GFBG. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the influence of different water quantities used in the GFBG process on granule and tablet qualities. In addition, results from the GFBG process were compared with those from the moisture-activated dry granulation (MADG) process. In terms of tablet tensile strength and disintegration time, GFBG had a wider acceptable range for added water quantity (2.0-5.0%) than did MADG. For all added water quantities, the GFBG granules were within the upper limit of water activity (a surrogate of free water amount), which was 0.61 for tensile strength and 0.55 for disintegration time. The air flow in the GFBG process may have reduced the excess free water on the granules during the absorption process. It was concluded that as compared with MADG, GFBG may be a more robust process for manufacturing granules and tablets with superior properties.