Speckle-structured illumination for 3D phase and fluorescence computational microscopy

High-content biological microscopy targets high-resolution imaging across large fields-of-view, often achieved by computational imaging approaches. Previously, we demonstrated 2D multimodal high-content microscopy via structured illumination microscopy (SIM) with resolution $$ the diffraction limit, using speckle illumination from Scotch tape. In this work, we extend the method to 3D by leveraging the fact that the speckle illumination is in fact a 3D structured pattern. We use both a coherent and an incoherent imaging model to develop algorithms for joint retrieval of the 3D super-resolved fluorescent and complex-field distributions of the sample. Our reconstructed images resolve features beyond the physical diffraction-limit set by the system's objective and demonstrate 3D multimodal imaging with $$ m³ resolution over a volume of $$ m³.