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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

In Vivo Microinjection and Electroporation of Mouse Testis
Published on: August 23, 2014
Testis biopsy in absolute head teratospermia: Is it a logical option?
Nasser Shakhssalim1,2, Mohamad Reza Sadeghi1, Mohammad Mehdi Akhondi1
1Avicenna Infertility Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ARI), ACECR, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction:
Absolute head teratospermia (100% abnormal head morphology) is associated with poor fertility and assisted reproductive techniques results. We aimed to find if it is possible to bypass this disorder using sperm retrieved by testis biopsy.
Methods:
Multiple testis biopsies were performed in patients with infertility and absolute head teratospermia who were not able to provide semen on the injection day from 2006 to 2018. Then, the found sperms were evaluated based on being proper or not proper for intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
Results:
Only 2 patients, of a total of 22 (9%), had relatively proper sperms for microinjection.
Discussion:
There is no benefit to performing testis biopsy in non-azoospermic patients with absolute abnormal head morphology.
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