Aging effect on vanadium oxide hybrid nanotubes

Vanadium oxides present a rich magnetic phase diagram depending on the oxidation state of the V ions. In particular the vanadium oxide nanotubes (VO _x NTs) present several promising perspectives for different technological applications for which it is essential to know the oxidation state of V ions, as well as to evaluate the stability with the aging time of the tubes. In this work we present a systematic study of the time evolution of the magnetic properties of VO _x NTs. For this complete characterization, we used electron spin resonance (ESR) and dc-susceptibility techniques, which were supplemented with TEM microscopy and XANES. We observed that for aging in normal environmental conditions of pressure, temperature and humidity, the V⁴⁺ ions oxidize to V⁵⁺ . Although the multiwall tubular structure is maintained, this oxidation process produces a marked change in the magnetic properties. We conclude that the aging of the samples affects the V⁴⁺ /V⁵⁺ relationship in the VO _x NTs, which may contribute to explain the significant dispersion of data reported in the bibliography.