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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Most acid-base titrations are performed in an aqueous medium. In aqueous titrations, water competes with weaker acids or bases for proton donation or acceptance, leading to ambiguous endpoints in the titration curve. Water also affects the partial ionization of weak acids or bases. For example, water accepts a proton from acetic acid to form hydronium and acetate ions. The hydronium ion formed is a stronger acid than acetic acid, and the acetate ion is a stronger base than water. As a result,...
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Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures
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Solvent-responsive cavitand lanthanum complex.

Francesca Guagnini1, Alessandro Pedrini, Timothy M Swager

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale and INSTM UdR Parma, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43123 Parma (PR), Italy.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|August 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created a novel solvent-responsive complex using a cavitand-lanthanum coordination. This supramolecular assembly changes structure in different solvents like acetonitrile and acetone, demonstrating dynamic molecular architecture control.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Stimuli-responsive supramolecular assemblies are key for dynamic systems.
  • Metal coordination is a reliable method for creating responsive architectures.
  • Cavitands offer unique structural frameworks for molecular recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize a novel solvent-responsive cavitand-lanthanum coordination complex.
  • To investigate the influence of different solvents on the complex's architecture.
  • To demonstrate the dynamic switching capabilities of the supramolecular assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a tetra-phosphonate cavitand functionalized with hydroxyl groups.
  • Coordination of the functionalized cavitand with lanthanum salts.
  • Characterization using NMR spectroscopy, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
  • Analysis of solvent-induced structural changes using DOSY-NMR spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • A pre-organized octadentate ligand was formed from the functionalized cavitand.
  • Two distinct complex architectures were observed in acetonitrile and acetone.
  • The single crystal structure of the acetonitrile derivative was determined.
  • Small amounts of acetone in acetonitrile induced assembly interconversion, confirmed by DOSY-NMR.

Conclusions:

  • A novel solvent-responsive cavitand-lanthanum complex was successfully prepared.
  • The complex exhibits distinct architectures in different organic solvents.
  • The system demonstrates tunable supramolecular assembly through solvent-induced switching.