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Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis
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Aminoglycoside Allergic Reactions.

Lindsey M Childs-Kean1, Kristy M Shaeer2, Sheeba Varghese Gupta3

  • 1Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. Lchilds-kean@cop.ufl.edu.

Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aminoglycoside antibiotics can cause infrequent allergic reactions, including skin issues and severe anaphylaxis. Gentamicin showed the most allergic reactions, with cross-reactivity common among these drugs.

Keywords:
allergyamikacinaminoglycosidesgentamicinhypersensitivitytobramycin

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Aminoglycosides are crucial antimicrobial agents for treating Gram-negative bacterial infections.
  • Understanding the spectrum of adverse reactions is vital for safe clinical use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review reported allergic reactions to aminoglycoside antibiotics in existing literature.
  • To identify patterns and frequencies of allergic responses associated with specific aminoglycosides.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed.
  • Studies detailing allergic reactions to aminoglycosides were included; non-allergic adverse events were excluded.

Main Results:

  • Allergic reactions to aminoglycosides are infrequent but can manifest as cutaneous or systemic responses, including anaphylaxis.
  • Gentamicin was associated with the highest number of reported allergic reactions and anaphylaxis cases, followed by tobramycin and amikacin.
  • Prior exposure to aminoglycosides was a common factor in patients experiencing allergic reactions, and cross-reactivity among these agents is frequent.

Conclusions:

  • Aminoglycoside antibiotics, while effective, carry a risk of allergic reactions, necessitating careful patient monitoring.
  • The high incidence of reactions and cross-reactivity with gentamicin highlights the need for awareness and potential alternative strategies.
  • Desensitization protocols for tobramycin exist, offering a potential management option for specific cases.