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Unpredictable environments enhance inhibitory control in pheasants.

Jayden O van Horik1, Christine E Beardsworth2, Philippa R Laker2

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Environmental unpredictability during development enhances inhibitory control (IC) in pheasant chicks. This executive function, crucial for self-regulation, was not linked to cognition but showed sex-specific effects on motivation, suggesting developmental experiences shape IC abilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Cognition

Background:

  • Inhibitory control (IC) is a key executive function for self-regulation, impacting health.
  • Environmental predictability during development influences individual differences in IC.
  • Potential confounding factors include motivation and other cognitive abilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of environmental predictability, food motivation, and cognition on IC.
  • To determine how spatial predictability in early life affects IC in pheasant chicks.
  • To examine sex-specific effects of environmental predictability on IC and motivation.

Main Methods:

  • Pheasant chicks were reared in predictable or unpredictable spatial environments for 8 weeks.
  • Motivation was assessed via foraging tasks and latency to acquire food.
  • Cognitive performance was measured using a binary colour discrimination task.
  • IC was assessed using a transparent detour apparatus.

Main Results:

  • Chicks reared in unpredictable environments showed enhanced IC compared to those in predictable environments.
  • IC was not significantly correlated with cognitive performance or motivational measures.
  • Environmental predictability had sex-specific effects on persistence, with males in unpredictable environments and all females showing reduced persistence.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental experience with environmental predictability significantly influences inhibitory control.
  • The findings suggest that early life unpredictability enhances IC, independent of general cognitive ability or motivation.
  • Sex differences in motivation suggest complex interactions between environment, sex, and behavioral control.