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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Potential of VSFG Microscopy in Studying Mesoscopically Heterogeneous Self-Assembled Structures
Published on: December 1, 2023
Carrier distribution imaging using ∂C/∂z-mode scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy
Yoshiomi Hiranaga1, Yasuo Cho1
1Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
Abstract:
Scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy (SNDM) can be used to visualize the carrier distribution in semiconductors with high sensitivity and spatial resolution. We recently proposed a complementary method named ∂C/∂z-SNDM that avoids the problem of contrast reversal. This paper describes a methodology for calculating the signal intensity in ∂C/∂z-SNDM using examples. For the simulation, the capacitance of a conductive-probe metal/oxide/semiconductor model was calculated and then the response signal for various probe-sample distances was analyzed. The simulation results confirm that the ∂C/∂z-SNDM signal intensity increases monotonically with dopant concentration, avoiding contrast reversal. Moreover, in addition to the fundamental (1ω) signal, higher-harmonic (2ω, 3ω) signals have sufficient intensities to be detected. The results suggest that the detection sensitivity for low dopant concentrations can be improved by conducting the measurement under an appropriate dc bias.
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