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Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency

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Exploring researchers' perspectives on authorship decision making.

Lauren A Maggio¹, Anthony R Artino¹, Christopher J Watling^2,3

¹Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Medical Education

|September 3, 2019

Summary

Researchers often bend authorship rules, acknowledging ethically grey areas due to personal and systemic factors. Understanding these complexities can help develop evidence-based solutions for fair authorship practices.

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Area of Science:

Medical Education Research
Research Ethics
Scientific Publishing

Background:

Authorship is crucial for researchers' careers, with formal criteria set by journals.
Many researchers admit to violating authorship criteria, indicating a complex reality.
This study explores researchers' views on questionable authorship practices and contributing factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To unpack researchers' conceptualizations of questionable authorship practices.
To identify factors contributing to researchers' vulnerability to engaging in such practices.

Main Methods:

Interviews with 26 North American medical education researchers across career stages.
Analysis of responses to vignettes on honorary authorship and author order.
Thematic analysis of researchers' described authorship experiences.

Main Results:

Researchers perceive ethically grey areas in authorship, conceptualizing practices variably.
Personal (hierarchy, gender) and situational (resource dependence, institutional culture) factors increase vulnerability.
Practices are sometimes rationalized as beneficial to science, even if technically violating criteria.

Conclusions:

Authorship guidelines oversimplify ethical complexities, ignoring 'shades of grey'.
Researchers acknowledge bending rules, sometimes for inclusivity or perceived scientific benefit.
Findings highlight the need for evidence-based solutions addressing individual and systemic factors in authorship decisions.