Physiological roles for neuromodulation via G_i/o GPCRs working through Gβγ-SNARE interaction

Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...

We have developed a cell fusion assay that quantifies SNARE-mediated membrane fusion events by activated expression of...

This protocol describes a new method allowing for the quantitative visualization of complex formation of SNARE proteins, based on Förster resonance energy transfer, and fluorescence lifetime imaging...

This protocol describes an ultrasound transducer fixation system specifically designed for ultrasound stimulation of the spinal cord in awake mice. The method employs a fixation system to ensure accurate positioning of the ultrasound transducer while simultaneously allowing the experimental subjects to move freely without compromising the precision of...

Nanopodia are thin but fragile membrane channels that extend up to 100 μm from a cell's leading front or trailing rear and sense the cellular environment. Direct fixation at 37 °C, gentle washing, and avoidance of organic solvents like ethanol, methanol, or acetone and of higher Triton X-100 concentrations are required to observe these cellular...

This video demonstrates the method for inducing the modulation of neural activity in cultured human iPSC-derived neurons in a multi-well microelectrode array, or MEA system using a focused ultrasound...