Central nervous system emergencies in haematological malignancies

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Neurology
• Oncology

Background:

• Neurological emergencies are severe complications in hematological malignancies (HM).
• These events can lead to fatal outcomes or long-term disabilities if not managed promptly.
• They often occur during disease relapse and lack established management guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment strategies for central nervous system (CNS) complications in HM.
• To discuss neurological issues arising from both traditional and novel HM treatments.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies and clinical guidelines.
• Synthesis of information on various CNS complications and treatment-related neurological effects.

Main Results:

• Key CNS complications include elevated intracranial pressure, spinal cord compression, status epilepticus, neurovascular issues, CNS infections, leukostasis, and hyperviscosity.
• Neurological complications are also associated with the expanding spectrum of HM treatments.

Conclusions:

• There is a critical need for standardized practice guidelines for managing CNS complications in HM.
• Comprehensive understanding of these neurological emergencies is vital for improving patient outcomes in hematological malignancies.