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Related Concept Videos

What is Photosynthesis?00:39

What is Photosynthesis?

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Photosynthesis is a multipart, biochemical process that occurs in plants as well as in some bacteria. It captures carbon dioxide and solar energy to produce glucose. Glucose stores chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates. The overall biochemical formula of photosynthesis is 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2. Photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere and is largely responsible for maintaining the Earth’s atmospheric oxygen content.
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All living organisms on Earth are directly or indirectly dependent on photosynthesis. It is the only biological process that can capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy that every organism can use to power its metabolism. Photosynthesis is also the source of oxygen required by many living organisms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Studying Photosynthesis by Leaf Disc Experiment-Concept
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Increasing Photosynthesis: Unlikely Solution For World Food Problem.

Thomas R Sinclair1, Thomas W Rufty1, Ramsey S Lewis1

  • 1Crop and Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7620, USA.

Trends in Plant Science
|September 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Boosting plant photosynthesis rates is a renewed strategy for crop yield and food security. However, historical research indicates water and nutrient availability, particularly nitrogen, are the primary limitations, not carbon input.

Keywords:
grain yieldnitrogenphotosynthesisplant growth

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Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Crop Science
  • Agricultural Sustainability

Background:

  • Revitalized interest in enhancing plant photosynthesis for crop yield and global food security.
  • Past research (1970s-1980s) indicated carbon input is not the primary yield-limiting factor.
  • Water and nutrient availability are critical for increasing grain yield, a conclusion still relevant today.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the role of photosynthesis in increasing crop yields.
  • To highlight the critical importance of nutrient availability, specifically nitrogen, in plant growth and seed development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical research on photosynthesis and crop yield limitations.
  • Focus on the quantitative relationship between nitrogen and plant growth stages.
  • Analysis of nitrogen's essential role in seed composition.

Main Results:

  • Carbon input is not the limiting factor for crop growth and yield.
  • Water and nutrient uptake are critical determinants of grain yield.
  • Nitrogen limitation significantly impacts vegetative and reproductive growth.

Conclusions:

  • While photosynthesis enhancement is revisited, historical findings on nutrient limitations remain valid.
  • Nitrogen is a key limiting nutrient, essential for both plant growth and seed yield.
  • Focusing on nitrogen availability and uptake is crucial for improving crop production and addressing food crises.