Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Diabetes Research with Static Exercise Training in Mice
03:17

Author Spotlight: Advancing Diabetes Research with Static Exercise Training in Mice

Published on: March 29, 2024

975

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes:

E G Dorsey-Treviño1,2, J G González-González1,2,3, N Alvarez-Villalobos2,3,4

  • 1Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico.

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
|September 7, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Sodium-glucose 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors show promise in reducing serious kidney outcomes for type 2 diabetes patients. However, they do not improve surrogate markers and data on other microvascular issues like neuropathy and retinopathy are lacking.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Microvascular complications represent a significant burden in type 2 diabetes.
  • The precise impact of sodium-glucose 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors on these complications requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the efficacy of SGLT-2 inhibitors in improving microvascular outcomes for patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • To evaluate the effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on renal outcomes, including nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and peripheral vascular disease.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted across multiple databases (Ovid, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus) up to May 2019.
  • RCTs comparing SGLT-2 inhibitors with placebo or other antidiabetic medications for at least 4 weeks were included.
  • Data synthesis employed random-effect models, calculating mean differences for continuous outcomes and risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Forty RCTs of moderate evidence quality were analyzed. SGLT-2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of renal-replacement therapy (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.54-0.79) and renal death (RR 0.57; 95% CI 0.49-0.65).
  • A reduction in the progression of albuminuria (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.66-0.73) and urine albumin-creatinine ratio was observed. However, no significant improvements were noted in maintaining estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or reducing serum creatinine.
  • The risk of amputation did not significantly increase (RR 1.30; 95% CI 0.93-1.83). Insufficient data precluded quantitative analysis for neuropathy and retinopathy.

Conclusions:

  • SGLT-2 inhibitors appear to decrease patient-important renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes.
  • These agents did not demonstrate improvement in surrogate renal outcomes and showed no increased risk of amputation.
  • Further research is needed to assess the impact of SGLT-2 inhibitors on other microvascular complications such as neuropathy and retinopathy.
Keywords:
Meta-analysisMicrovascular complicationsSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorsSystematic reviewType 2 diabetes mellitus

More Related Videos

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

6.6K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

4.4K

Related Concept Videos

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
6.6K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
4.4K
Static Strength Training Method for Type 2 Diabetic Mice03:17

Static Strength Training Method for Type 2 Diabetic Mice

This protocol provides a simple method of making static training equipment for mice. The device maintains the muscle isometric contraction of the limbs of mice so as to verify the intervention effect of traditional exercise on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and provides new exercise therapy for the clinical treatment of...
975
Detection of Phosphorylated Neuronal Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter 2 via Western Blotting05:25

Detection of Phosphorylated Neuronal Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter 2 via Western Blotting

Source: Josiah, S. S., et al. Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting. J. Vis. Exp. (2022).The video demonstrates the steps for detecting and quantifying phosphorylated potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) protein in a cell lysate. This process involves immunoprecipitation to isolate phosphorylated KCC2 and chemiluminescence to quantify the isolated...
440
Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets10:09

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

We present here a protocol for the isolation of islets from the mouse model of type 2 diabetes, Leprdb and details of a live-cell assay for measurement of insulin secretion from intact islets that utilizes 2 photon...
10.0K
An Advanced Murine Model for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Association with Type 2 Diabetes10:17

An Advanced Murine Model for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Association with Type 2 Diabetes

A simple and reliable diet-induced rodent animal model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is described, achieved through non-SPF housing of the animals and administration of a specific high-fat diet. We describe identification of hepatic and adipose immune cell subsets to recapitulate human immunological conditions by exposing mice to environmental...
7.4K