Compartmental function and modulation of the striatum

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Neuroanatomy
• Behavioral Neuroscience

Background:

• The striatum is a key brain region involved in motor control, action selection, and reward learning.
• Its complex functions are supported by a sophisticated compartmental organization.
• Understanding this organization is crucial for deciphering striatal roles in behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current knowledge on the striatal compartmental layout.
• To focus on the anatomical and functional characteristics of striosome (patch) and matrix compartments.
• To explore how afferents, intrinsic properties, and neuromodulation control these compartments.

Main Methods:

• This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
• It discusses anatomical and functional properties of striatal compartments.
• It highlights technological advances enabling functional dissection of striatal organization.

Main Results:

• The striatum is organized into distinct striosome (patch) and matrix compartments.
• These compartments exhibit unique anatomical and functional properties.
• Differential afferent, intrinsic, and neuromodulatory inputs control compartment engagement.

Conclusions:

• The compartmental organization of the striatum is fundamental to its diverse behavioral roles.
• Advances in technology are crucial for functionally dissecting this organization.
• Further research holds relevance for understanding and treating human neurological diseases.