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Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

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One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
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Fabrication of a Microfluidic Device for the Compartmentalization of Neuron Soma and Axons10:58

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Stereotactic Microinjection of a Viral Vector for Gene Manipulation in a Mouse Pup Striatum04:15

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Source: Chen, S., et al., Stereotaxic Surgery for Genetic Manipulation in Striatal Cells of Neonatal Mouse Brains. J. Vis. Exp. (2018)This video demonstrates the stereotaxic injection of a viral vector encoding Cre recombinase and green fluorescence protein or GFP into the striatum of a genetically modified mouse pup to achieve gene manipulation by excising a loxP-flanked STOP cassette, activating red fluorescence protein or RFP as a...
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This protocol describes the use of plastic chips to culture and compartmentalize primary murine neurons. These chips are preassembled, user-friendly, and compatible with high-resolution, live, and fluorescence imaging. This protocol describes how to plate rat hippocampal neurons within these chips and perform fluidic isolation, axotomy and immunostaining.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

A Novel Non-invasive Method for the Detection of Elevated Intra-compartmental Pressures of the Leg
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A Novel Non-invasive Method for the Detection of Elevated Intra-compartmental Pressures of the Leg

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Compartmental function and modulation of the striatum.

Eric M Prager1, Joshua L Plotkin1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.

Journal of Neuroscience Research
|September 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The striatum

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroanatomy
  • Behavioral Neuroscience

Background:

  • The striatum is a key brain region involved in motor control, action selection, and reward learning.
  • Its complex functions are supported by a sophisticated compartmental organization.
  • Understanding this organization is crucial for deciphering striatal roles in behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on the striatal compartmental layout.
  • To focus on the anatomical and functional characteristics of striosome (patch) and matrix compartments.
  • To explore how afferents, intrinsic properties, and neuromodulation control these compartments.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
  • It discusses anatomical and functional properties of striatal compartments.
Keywords:
acetylcholinedopamineenkephalinstriatumstriosomesubstance P

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  • It highlights technological advances enabling functional dissection of striatal organization.

    • Main Results:

    • The striatum is organized into distinct striosome (patch) and matrix compartments.
    • These compartments exhibit unique anatomical and functional properties.
    • Differential afferent, intrinsic, and neuromodulatory inputs control compartment engagement.

    Conclusions:

    • The compartmental organization of the striatum is fundamental to its diverse behavioral roles.
    • Advances in technology are crucial for functionally dissecting this organization.
    • Further research holds relevance for understanding and treating human neurological diseases.