Interdisciplinary Approach to Treat Patients With Tooth Agenesis: A Case Report

Tooth agenesis is a type of dental anomaly in which individuals are missing teeth due to developmental failure as a result of genetic or environmental factors. With approximately one fourth of the population missing ≥1 third molar, tooth agenesis is considered a common dental anomaly. However, the severity of tooth agenesis can range from a missing single tooth to multiple teeth. When suffering from severe tooth agenesis, the patient's health and social relationships are often affected.

The patient in this report congenitally lost 11 teeth and suffered from compromised esthetics and impaired chewing function. In such a severe tooth agenesis case, interdisciplinary treatments involving orthodontics, periodontics, and prosthodontics were engaged to reconstruct the ideal biology, function, and esthetics for the patient. With an interdisciplinary approach, the periodontist played an important role in the rehabilitation of the edentulous regions with implants in combination with various hard and soft tissue augmentation procedures. In addition, the patient with severe tooth agenesis presented with additional dental anomalies. The periodontist, therefore, had to collaborate with other specialists to provide early detection and intervention to avoid future complications, such as the management of infraoccluded ankylosed deciduous molars and aberrant frenum. The patient at the end of treatment had a good occlusion with improved function and esthetics.

This case report describes the interdisciplinary treatment approach used and points out the role of periodontists in the treatment of a patient with severe tooth agenesis.