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Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Evaluation of Hybrid Composites of Chemical Fuel and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Study of Thermopower Waves09:35

Preparation and Evaluation of Hybrid Composites of Chemical Fuel and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Study of Thermopower Waves

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A protocol for conducting thermopower wave experiments is presented. The synthesis of hybrid composites of a chemical fuel and micro/nanostructured material, manufacturing of a thermopower wave generator, and methods for measuring the corresponding physical phenomena are described.
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Body Temperature

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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Effects of Temperature on Free Energy

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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
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Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
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Factors Affecting Body Temperature

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Preparation and Evaluation of Hybrid Composites of Chemical Fuel and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Study of Thermopower Waves
09:35

Preparation and Evaluation of Hybrid Composites of Chemical Fuel and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Study of Thermopower Waves

Published on: April 10, 2015

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Low-Temperature Thermopower in CoSbS.

Qianheng Du1,2, Milinda Abeykoon3, Yu Liu1

  • 1Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Giant thermopower (S=2.5 mV/K) was observed in CoSbS single crystals, indicating excellent thermoelectric performance. This phenomenon is linked to electronic correlations and band renormalization, suggesting potential for advanced thermoelectric materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Thermoelectric materials convert heat to electricity, crucial for energy harvesting.
  • Cobalt Antimony Sulfide (CoSbS) shows promise for high-temperature thermoelectric applications.
  • Understanding the fundamental mechanisms behind thermopower is key to material optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the giant thermopower in CoSbS single crystals.
  • To elucidate the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for the observed thermoelectric performance.
  • To explore the influence of doping (Ni, Se) on the thermoelectric properties of CoSbS.

Main Methods:

  • Single crystal growth of CoSbS.
  • Measurement of thermopower at various temperatures and magnetic fields.
  • Analysis of magnetic susceptibility.
  • Theoretical modeling of electronic band structure and correlations.

Main Results:

  • Observed giant thermopower (S=2.5 mV/K) in CoSbS single crystals.
  • Demonstrated strong high-temperature thermoelectric performance with Ni or Se doping.
  • Identified electronic diffusion in the heavy valence band as the thermopower mechanism via magnetic field studies.
  • Magnetic susceptibility data consistent with Kondo-insulatorlike electronic states near the gap.

Conclusions:

  • Giant thermopower in CoSbS originates from temperature-dependent band renormalization and electronic correlations.
  • CoSbS is a promising material for high-performance thermoelectric devices.
  • Further research into electronic correlations can lead to enhanced thermoelectric materials.