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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Spinal Sonography for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Neuraxial Anesthesia03:14

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The protocol described here provides the basics of spine sonoanatomy and a quick, straightforward method for performing ultrasound-guided neuraxial anesthesia. Additionally, two handheld devices that enhance portability are presented, one of which uses pattern recognition software to aid in epidural space...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement06:58

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

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Non-restraining EEG radiotelemetry is a valuable methodological approach to record in vivo long-term electroencephalograms from freely moving rodents. This detailed protocol describes stereotaxic epidural and deep intracerebral electrode placement in different brain regions in order to obtain reliable recordings of CNS rhythmicity and CNS related behavioral...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

689

Epidural and Spinal Anesthesia.

Manuel Martin-Flores1

  • 1Section of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|September 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epidural and spinal anesthesia offer safe and effective pain management in veterinary medicine. This technique enhances analgesia and reduces the need for opioids after surgery when performed correctly.

Keywords:
AnesthesiaBupivacaineEpiduralRopivacaineSpinal

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Anesthesiology
  • Regional Anesthesia Techniques

Background:

  • Epidural and spinal anesthesia are common in veterinary practice.
  • These techniques utilize local anesthetics and opioids for pain relief.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the benefits of epidural and spinal anesthesia in veterinary medicine.
  • To emphasize its role in multimodal analgesia and reducing opioid use.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current practices and guidelines for epidural and spinal anesthesia in animals.
  • Discussion of anesthetic combinations and their efficacy.

Main Results:

  • When administered under strict guidelines, these techniques are safe and effective.
  • They significantly improve postoperative pain management and decrease opioid requirements.

Conclusions:

  • Epidural and spinal anesthesia are valuable tools for veterinary analgesia.
  • Clinical experience is crucial for efficient and safe application, minimizing risks.