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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Congenital Heart Disease and Thyroid Dysfunction: Combination, Association, and Implication.

Reut Kassif Lerner1,2, Noah Gruber2,3, Uri Pollak4,5,6,7

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.

World Journal for Pediatric & Congenital Heart Surgery
|September 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) often have thyroid dysfunction. Routine thyroid function monitoring is recommended, but treatment decisions require careful consideration of individual patient factors.

Keywords:
cardiac catheterizationcardiopulmonary bypasscongenital heart diseasecongenital heart surgerysick euthyroid syndromethyroid hormones

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) is linked to a higher incidence of thyroid dysfunction due to shared embryonic and genetic origins.
  • Thyroid hormone imbalances significantly impact cardiac function in pediatric patients.
  • Medical procedures like cardiac catheterization and surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass can alter thyroid hormone levels independently of primary thyroid disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between congenital heart disease in children and thyroid dysfunction.
  • To review current practices and debates regarding the monitoring, intervention, and treatment of thyroid dysfunction in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Clinical Key, and Cochrane Library.
  • Keywords included congenital heart disease/surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass, thyroid hormones, sick euthyroid syndrome, and cardiac catheterization.
  • Studies were limited to English-language publications focusing on children aged 0-18, with relevant adult studies also reviewed.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supporting specific treatments for thyroid dysfunction in children with congenital heart disease is limited.
  • Current literature highlights the need for routine thyroid function monitoring in these patients.
  • Therapeutic decisions for thyroid hormone supplementation should be individualized based on symptoms and dysfunction severity.

Conclusions:

  • There is a notable lack of robust evidence to guide treatment protocols for thyroid dysfunction in pediatric congenital heart disease patients.
  • Further adequately powered studies are essential to establish uniform treatment recommendations.
  • Ongoing monitoring of thyroid function is crucial for children with congenital heart disease.