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Selection Pressures on RNA Sequences and Structures.

Katja Nowick1, Maria Beatriz Walter Costa2, Christian Höner Zu Siederdissen3

  • 1Human Biology Group, Institute for Biology, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online
|September 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial evolutionary players. A new SSS-test can now detect positive selection in ncRNAs, revealing over 100 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) under selection in humans.

Keywords:
RNAconsensus structurepositive selectionstructural conservation

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Functional noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in evolution.
  • Existing methods primarily focus on detecting negative selection in ncRNAs.
  • Selection pressures on ncRNAs can act independently on both sequence and structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and apply the SSS-test, a novel method for investigating positive selection in ncRNAs.
  • To explore the evolutionary dynamics of ncRNAs in primates, with a focus on human evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Application of the SSS-test to analyze selection pressures on ncRNAs in primate genomes.
  • Investigation of independent selection acting on both sequence and structure of ncRNAs.

Main Results:

  • The SSS-test is the first method capable of detecting positive selection in ncRNAs.
  • Over 100 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in humans were identified as potentially evolving under positive selection.
  • The study highlights the importance of considering independent selection on sequence and structure.

Conclusions:

  • The SSS-test provides a powerful new tool for evolutionary studies of ncRNAs.
  • ncRNAs, particularly lncRNAs, may play a significant role in human evolution through positive selection.
  • Future research can more comprehensively integrate ncRNAs into evolutionary analyses.