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Related Concept Videos

Electronic Structure of Atoms02:28

Electronic Structure of Atoms

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An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum...
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Structure determination of macromolecular complexes using cryoEM has become routine for certain classes of proteins and complexes. Here, this pipeline is summarized (sample preparation, screening, data acquisition and processing) and readers are directed towards further detailed resources and variables that may be altered in the case of more challenging...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Single Particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy: From Sample to Structure
11:52

Single Particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy: From Sample to Structure

Published on: May 29, 2021

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Structure of the aqueous electron.

John M Herbert1

  • 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. herbert@chemistry.ohio-state.edu.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|September 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The aqueous electron, e-(aq), is a key species in water. Evidence strongly supports the traditional view of the hydrated electron residing in a cavity within liquid water.

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • The structure of the aqueous electron (e-(aq)) has been debated, with a conventional model proposing a cavity.
  • Alternative theories, like one-electron pseudopotential models, suggest a more delocalized electron without a distinct cavity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental properties of the aqueous electron.
  • To evaluate theoretical models attempting to explain these properties.
  • To determine the most accurate structural model for the aqueous electron.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental data on aqueous electron properties.
  • Analysis of one-electron pseudopotential models.
  • Examination of many-electron quantum chemistry calculations.

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Electronic Structure of Atoms: Quantum Mechanical Model
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Electronic Structure of Atoms: Quantum Mechanical Model

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Single Particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy: From Sample to Structure

Published on: May 29, 2021

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Analysis of β-Amyloid-induced Abnormalities on Fibrin Clot Structure by Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy
06:27

Analysis of β-Amyloid-induced Abnormalities on Fibrin Clot Structure by Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy

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Electronic Structure of Atoms: Quantum Mechanical Model
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Electronic Structure of Atoms: Quantum Mechanical Model

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Main Results:

  • Experimental evidence consistently supports the conventional model.
  • The conventional model describes the electron in a quasi-spherical cavity.
  • Alternative models fail to fully explain observed properties.

Conclusions:

  • The overwhelming evidence supports the excluded-volume picture for the aqueous electron.
  • The conventional cavity model remains the most accurate representation.
  • Further research should build upon this established understanding.