Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Outbreaks in West Java Indonesia 2015-2016: Clinical Manifestation and
Desniwaty Karo-Karo1,2, 3, Eko Sugeng Pribadi3
1Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) (HPAI) outbreaks in Indonesia were studied. Increased visitor contact and duck farms were risk factors, highlighting the need for improved biosecurity.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Epidemiology
- Infectious Disease Control
- One Health
Background:
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) (HPAI) poses a significant threat to poultry health and public safety in Indonesia.
- Understanding outbreak dynamics and risk factors is crucial for effective HPAI control strategies.
- Enhanced passive surveillance is a key method for detecting HPAI outbreaks in endemic regions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To detect HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in Indonesian endemic regions using enhanced passive surveillance.
- To describe the clinical manifestations of confirmed HPAI H5N1 outbreaks.
- To identify risk factors associated with HPAI H5N1 infection in poultry farms.
Main Methods:
- Conducted HPAI outbreak investigations in seven districts of West Java from November 2015 to November 2016.
- Confirmed 64 out of 75 reported HPAI suspicions and recorded outbreak characteristics.
- Compared infected farms with 60 non-infected control farms to identify risk factors.
Main Results:
- Backyard chickens experienced the highest mortality (average 59%).
- Dermal lesions (64%) and respiratory signs (39%) were common; neurological signs were frequent in ducks (68%).
- Increased visitor contact, duck farm type, and smaller farm size were associated with higher HPAI infection odds.
Conclusions:
- Enhanced passive surveillance effectively detected HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in West Java.
- Specific clinical signs varied by poultry type, with neurological signs prominent in ducks.
- Strengthening external biosecurity measures is essential to mitigate HPAI A(H5N1) transmission in Indonesia.
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