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Related Concept Videos

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells08:02

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells

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This manuscript describes how to assess in vivo immunogenicity of tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) using flow cytometry. EVs derived from tumors undergoing treatment-induced immunogenic cell death seem particularly relevant in tumor immunosurveillance. This protocol exemplifies the assessment of oxaliplatin-induced immunostimulatory tumor EVs but can be adapted to various...
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Necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagic cell death are all manners in which cells can die, and these mechanisms can be induced by different stimuli, such as cell injury, low nutrient levels, or signaling proteins. Whereas necrosis is considered to be an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death, evidence exists that apoptosis and autophagy are both programmed and “planned” by cells.In this introductory video, JoVE highlights key discoveries pertaining to cell death,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells
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Methods to Detect Immunogenic Cell Death In Vivo.

Takahiro Yamazaki1, Aitziber Buqué1, Marissa Rybstein1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cancer cells can die in ways that trigger immune responses, but predicting this immunogenic cell death (ICD) is challenging. This study introduces two methods to assess ICD in mice, aiding cancer immunotherapy research.

Keywords:
Abscopal effectAnthracycline-based chemotherapyCD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytesDamage-associated molecular patternsDendritic cellsRadiation therapyVaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cancer cells can undergo regulated cell death, triggering adaptive immune responses against tumor-associated antigens.
  • The manner of cancer cell death significantly impacts its ability to stimulate anticancer immunity (adjuvanticity).
  • Predicting immunogenic cell death (ICD) remains a challenge, as no reliable biomarkers currently exist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and describe methods for assessing the immunogenicity of dying cancer cells.
  • To evaluate cancer cell death immunogenicity in both tumor-naïve and tumor-bearing host models.
  • To facilitate the study of anticancer immune responses and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Description of two novel methods to determine the immunogenicity of mouse cancer cells undergoing stress-induced death.
  • In vivo assessment of cancer cell death in immunocompetent syngeneic hosts.
  • Evaluation across different host conditions: tumor-naïve and tumor-bearing.

Main Results:

  • The study presents straightforward methods for determining cancer cell death immunogenicity.
  • These methods are applicable in both tumor-naïve and tumor-bearing mouse models.
  • The findings contribute to understanding the adjuvanticity of cancer cell death in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • The developed methods allow for the direct assessment of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in cancer cells.
  • These tools are crucial for advancing research into cancer immunology and immunotherapy.
  • Accurate determination of ICD is essential for eliciting effective antitumor immune responses.