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Compact general interference hybrid-plasmonic multimode interferometers used for optical hybrid.

Jin Wang, Nannan Ning, Zhen Wang

    Applied Optics
    |September 11, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed compact multimode interferometers (MMIs) using hybrid plasmonic waveguides (HPWs) for optical hybrids. These devices offer efficient light manipulation, meeting industry standards for telecommunications applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Integrated Optics
    • Waveguide Technology

    Background:

    • Multimode interferometers (MMIs) are crucial components in integrated optics for beam splitting and combining.
    • Hybrid plasmonic waveguides (HPWs) offer advantages in miniaturization and light confinement for photonic devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and analyze general interference multimode interferometers (MMIs) based on hybrid plasmonic waveguides (HPWs).
    • To achieve compact MMIs for 90° and 120° optical hybrid applications.
    • To optimize device parameters for high performance and small footprints.

    Main Methods:

    • Investigated mode interference characteristics within multimode HPWs to determine optimal SiO2 interlayer height.
    • Analyzed multimode propagation to identify shifts in self-image positions.
    • Implemented tapered HPW sections for improved coupling efficiency.
    • Optimized multimode section width, length, and waveguide positions for device fabrication.

    Main Results:

    • Developed 2x2, 3x3, and 4x4 HPW-MMIs with footprints as small as 1.96×5.4 µm².
    • Achieved high transmission rates (up to 75.6% for 2x2 MMI) at 1550 nm.
    • Demonstrated low transmission imbalance (≤ 0.91 dB) and phase errors (≤ 4.81°).

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed HPW-MMIs are highly efficient and compact solutions for optical hybrid applications.
    • The designs meet standard industry requirements for telecommunications.
    • This work advances the development of miniaturized photonic integrated circuits.