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Related Concept Videos

Extinction05:25

Extinction

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The History of Life on Earth
Fossils of organisms that were different from anything alive today had been documented as early as the 17th century, but it was not until the early 19th century that scientists began to recognize that the successive layers of fossil bearing rocks were like successive pages in the history of life on earth. Although this recognition gave rise to the birth of the field of paleontology, the idea of complete global extinction of a species had yet to be fully accepted. At...
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Diversity and Extinction during the Paleogene Epoch
ExpandBegin this procedure by reading the extinction reading supplement that has been printed out for you. NOTE: Alternatively, you may download the reading supplement at the link below.  Click here to download the extinction reading supplement
Using the information contained in the extinction reading supplements pertaining to the taxa of interest and the Chicxulub impact event, make predictions for each taxon listed in Table 1. Consider...
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Diversity and Extinction during the Paleogene Epoch
ExpandFirst, familiarize yourself with the extinction reading supplement for the background on what took place and where existing theories stand.
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Radioactivity is a spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nuclide and is a random process, as all the nuclei in the sample do not decay simultaneously. The number of disintegrations per unit time is called the activity (A), which is directly proportional to the number of nuclei in the sample. The decay constant (λ) is an average probability of decay per nucleus in unit time.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Extinction: Diversity and Extinction during the Paleogene Epoch - Concept
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Radiometric calibration methods for day/night whole sky imagers and extinction imagers.

Janet E Shields, Monette E Karr

    Applied Optics
    |September 11, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    New radiometric calibration methods improve cloud detection and atmospheric measurements. These advancements enhance data accuracy for day/night whole sky imagers and extinction imagers, supporting advanced atmospheric research.

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    Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

    Extinction: Diversity and Extinction during the Paleogene Epoch - Concept
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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric optics
    • Radiometric calibration
    • Remote sensing instrumentation

    Background:

    • Day/night whole sky imagers (DNWSI) detect clouds and their opacity.
    • Extinction imagers measure atmospheric transmittance and path extinction.
    • Existing algorithms for these instruments require accurate radiometric calibration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present new radiometric calibration methods and results for DNWSI and extinction imagers.
    • To support the development of new cloud and atmospheric transmission algorithms.
    • To ensure accurate absolute and relative radiance measurements from the instruments.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed new radiometric calibration methods for DNWSI and extinction imagers.
    • Calibration steps include dark correction, linearity calibration, absolute calibration (for DNWSI), and uniformity calibration.
    • Addressed challenges including fisheye lens uniformity calibration and visible/short-wave IR system calibration.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully calibrated DNWSI for absolute radiance measurements.
    • Calibrated extinction imagers for relative radiance measurements.
    • The new calibrations provide essential data for operational algorithms.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed radiometric calibration methods are crucial for accurate data acquisition from DNWSI and extinction imagers.
    • These calibrations enhance the performance of cloud detection and atmospheric transmittance algorithms.
    • The methods are applicable to both visible and short-wave infrared spectral ranges.