Switzerland.

Area of Science:

• Social Sciences
• Disability Studies
• Healthcare Policy

Background:

• Historically, most adults with intellectual disability in Switzerland lived in institutions, often with religious affiliations.
• The late 20th century saw a movement of individuals with intellectual disabilities out of psychiatric hospitals.
• Since 1980, there has been a trend towards establishing smaller, community-based residential units.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the historical context of institutionalization for adults with intellectual disability in Switzerland.
• To analyze the evolving discourse around autonomy and inclusion for this population.
• To document the transition from large institutions to smaller residential settings.

Main Methods:

• Historical analysis of institutional development in Switzerland.
• Review of policy shifts and societal attitudes towards intellectual disability.
• Examination of residential care models implemented since 1980.

Main Results:

• The establishment of institutions for intellectual disability in Switzerland dates back to the late 19th century, frequently within Christian frameworks.
• A significant policy and practice shift occurred from 1980 onwards, with individuals moving from psychiatric hospitals to community settings.
• The development of smaller residential units has been a key outcome of the focus on autonomy and inclusion over the past decade.

Conclusions:

• The landscape of care for adults with intellectual disability in Switzerland has transitioned from institutional models to community-based living.
• The emphasis on autonomy and inclusion is reshaping residential care, favoring smaller, integrated units.
• Continued development of community-integrated services is crucial for enhancing the quality of life for individuals with intellectual disability.