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Calculating Standard Free Energy Changes02:49

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The free energy change for a reaction that occurs under the standard conditions of 1 bar pressure and at 298 K is called the standard free energy change. Since free energy is a state function, its value depends only on the conditions of the initial and final states of the system. A convenient and common approach to the calculation of free energy changes for physical and chemical reactions is by use of widely available compilations of standard state thermodynamic data. One method involves the...
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A buffer can prevent a sudden drop or increase in the pH of a solution after the addition of a strong acid or base up to its buffering capacity; however, such addition of a strong acid or base does result in the slight pH change of the solution. The small pH change can be calculated by determining the resulting change in the concentration of buffer components, i.e., a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The concentrations obtained using these stoichiometric calculations can be used...
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Source: Laboratory of Jeff SalacupĀ - University of Massachusetts Amherst
The distribution of a group of organic biomarkers called glycerol-dialkyl glycerol-tetraethers (GDGTs), produced by a suite of archaea and bacteria, were found in modern sediments to change in a predictable manner in response to air or water temperature1,2. Therefore, the distribution of these biomarkers in a sequence of sediments of known age can be used to reconstruct the evolution of air and/or water temperature on...
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The described hydroponic cocultivation system supports intact plants with metal mesh screens and cocultivates them with bacteria. Plant tissue, bacteria, and secreted molecules can then be separately harvested for downstream analyses, simultaneously allowing for the molecular responses of both plant hosts and interacting microbes or microbiomes to be...
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Equilibrium calculations for systems involving multiple equilibria are often complex. For example, to calculate the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in an aqueous solution in the presence of a common ion, one must consider all the equilibria in this solution. Calculations for these systems can be complicated and tedious, so a systematic approach with a series of steps is often helpful. The process is detailed below.
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Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Total Lipid from Sediments
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Accelerating the Calculation of Solute-Solvent Interaction Energies through Systematic Molecular Fragmentation.

Michael A Collins1, Junming Ho2

  • 1Research School of Chemistry , Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|September 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Systematic molecular fragmentation by annihilation (SMFA) estimates solute-solvent binding energy in large water clusters. This computational method is feasible for calculating solvation effects on reaction free energies.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational chemistry
  • Physical chemistry
  • Molecular interactions

Background:

  • Accurate calculation of solute-solvent interactions is crucial for understanding chemical processes.
  • Traditional methods can be computationally expensive for large systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt the Systematic Molecular Fragmentation by Annihilation (SMFA) method for solute-solvent interaction energy calculations.
  • To assess the feasibility of SMFA for large water clusters and its application to solvation effects.

Main Methods:

  • Modification of the Systematic Molecular Fragmentation by Annihilation (SMFA) method.
  • Application to the NH3 + CH3Cl solute in water clusters up to 160 molecules.
  • Utilizing an appropriate level of electronic structure theory.

Main Results:

  • SMFA accurately estimates the average binding energy of the solute in large water clusters (chemical accuracy).
  • The computational time for SMFA is feasible for practical applications.
  • Demonstrated potential for estimating solvation contributions to free energies of activation and reaction.

Conclusions:

  • The modified SMFA method provides a computationally efficient and accurate approach for studying solute-solvent interactions.
  • SMFA is a viable tool for investigating solvation effects in complex chemical systems.
  • Ensemble averaging with SMFA enables the estimation of solvation's role in reaction energetics.