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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
Published on: August 29, 2025
Examination of the Structural Validity of the Clinical Learning Environment Inventory Using Exploratory Factor
Sharon S Hudacek1, Mary Jane K DiMattio1, Audrey Schnell2
1The University of Scranton, Department of Nursing, Scranton, Pennsylvania.
Background And Purpose:
This study tested the psychometrics of the Clinical Learning Environment Inventory (CLEI-actual version), a tool designed to measure the perceptions of nursing students' clinical learning. The developer of the CLEI did not report structural validity.
Method:
Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed using data from 311 licensure nursing students to assess the CLEI's proposed dimensions or structural validity.
Results:
The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test indicated acceptable sampling adequacy. Analysis of four different models, while retaining items with factor loadings >0.35, resulted in a four-factor solution with 32 items. The factors were renamed: Concern for Student Welfare (the highest weighted factor); Organized/Effective Teaching; Enjoyment of Clinical Learning; and Student Decision-Making.
Conclusions:
This study suggests that the 32 item four-factor CLEI is sufficiently structurally valid and reliable for further testing.
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