Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 19, 2026
Surveys: Likert Scales; Convenience and Random Sampling
The Negative Behaviors in Healthcare Survey: Instrument Development and Validation
Diana M Layne1, Lynne S Nemeth1, Martina Mueller1
1Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
Background And Purpose:
Examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Negative Behaviors in Healthcare (NBHC) Survey.
Methods:
A principal axis factor analysis with varimax rotation was conducted utilizing the 2012 NBHC survey data (n = 1,918) to explore the underlying structure of the NBHC instrument. A confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS 23 (Arbuckle, 2014) was then conducted using the 2014 NBHC survey data (n = 1,479).
Results:
Internal consistency reliability was supported for four of the five identified factors, while construct validity for a five factor solution was established with acceptable model fit indices (Goodness of Fit Index [GFI] = 0.98; Relative Fit Index [RFI] = 0.98, Normed Fit Index [NFI] = 0.98, Root Mean Square Residual [RMR] = 0.05).
Conclusions:
The NBHC instrument is a valid reliable instrument to assess negative behaviors among interprofessional healthcare team members, adding to a select few available instruments measuring negative behavior among interprofessional healthcare workers.
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