Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

How to Detect Amygdala Activity with Magnetoencephalography using Source Imaging10:48

How to Detect Amygdala Activity with Magnetoencephalography using Source Imaging

22.7K
This article describes how to record amygdala activity with magnetoencephalography (MEG). In addition this article will describe how to conduct trace fear conditioning without awareness, a task that activates the amygdala. It will cover 3 topics: 1) Designing a trace conditioning paradigm using backward masking to manipulate awareness. 2) Recording brain activity during the task using magnetoencephalography. 3) Using source imaging to recover signal from subcortical...
22.7K
Generation of Tilted Amygdala Slices from a Mouse Brain02:32

Generation of Tilted Amygdala Slices from a Mouse Brain

597
The video demonstrates the generation of tilted amygdala slices from a mouse brain. The brain is positioned at an angle on the vibratome specimen stage to obtain slices containing the amygdala and axons from the medial prefrontal cortex that form synaptic connections with the amygdala. The brain slices are maintained at the physiological temperature to preserve the tissue for further...
597
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

8.3K
Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
8.3K
Role of Amygdala in Memory01:16

Role of Amygdala in Memory

1.1K
The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure responsible for processing and storing memories, particularly those linked to emotions like fear and stress. It plays an essential role in the brain's response to emotionally significant events and often enhances memory formation by triggering stress hormone release. The amygdala is vital for encoding and retrieving memories associated with fear or stress, a process that is adaptive by helping organisms avoid dangerous situations.
One of the...
1.1K
Caspase-3 Activity in the Rat Amygdala Measured by Spectrofluorometry After Myocardial Infarction08:41

Caspase-3 Activity in the Rat Amygdala Measured by Spectrofluorometry After Myocardial Infarction

12.3K
Myocardial infarction (MI) is not only followed by impaired cardiac function but also by apoptosis in the amygdala, a brain region involved in the behavioral consequences of MI. This protocol describes how to induce MI, collect amygdala tissue and measure caspase-3 activity, a marker of apoptosis,...
12.3K
Visualization and Mapping of Neuronal Pathways in an Amygdala Brain Slice04:18

Visualization and Mapping of Neuronal Pathways in an Amygdala Brain Slice

928
This video demonstrates a procedure for analyzing synaptic connectivity between medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala neurons using acute amygdala brain slices from mice. The mPFC neurons in these mice express channelrhodopsin fused to a fluorescent protein. The channelrhodopsins facilitate ion influx and action potential generation in the mPFC neurons upon light activation. Consequently, mPFC neurons release neurotransmitters that bind to postsynaptic amygdala neurons, triggering...
928

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A non-canonical cholinergic pathway from the dorsal tail of the striatum to the auditory cortex.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Inhibitory and disinhibitory VIP IN-mediated circuits in neocortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Midbrain dopamine drives splenic immunity through a brain-to-body circuit.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Distinct electrophysiological properties of long-range GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons from the lateral amygdala to the auditory cortex of the mouse.

The Journal of physiology·2024
Same author

Id2 GABAergic interneurons comprise a neglected fourth major group of cortical inhibitory cells.

eLife·2023
Same author

Critical periods when dopamine controls behavioral responding during Pavlovian learning.

Psychopharmacology·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

How to Detect Amygdala Activity with Magnetoencephalography using Source Imaging
10:48

How to Detect Amygdala Activity with Magnetoencephalography using Source Imaging

Published on: June 3, 2013

22.7K

A Non-Canonical Cortico-Amygdala Inhibitory Loop.

Alice Bertero1, Paul Luc Caroline Feyen1, Hector Zurita1

  • 1Department of Biology, Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|September 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The auditory cortex directly inhibits the lateral amygdala via GABAergic projections, influencing fear responses. This study reveals a new inhibitory circuit controlling auditory fear behavior.

Keywords:
amygdalaauditory cortexcircuitsfear/aversive behaviorlong-range GABAergicsomatostatin

More Related Videos

Caspase-3 Activity in the Rat Amygdala Measured by Spectrofluorometry After Myocardial Infarction
08:41

Caspase-3 Activity in the Rat Amygdala Measured by Spectrofluorometry After Myocardial Infarction

Published on: January 12, 2016

12.3K
Generation of Tilted Amygdala Slices from a Mouse Brain
02:32

Generation of Tilted Amygdala Slices from a Mouse Brain

597

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

How to Detect Amygdala Activity with Magnetoencephalography using Source Imaging
10:48

How to Detect Amygdala Activity with Magnetoencephalography using Source Imaging

Published on: June 3, 2013

22.7K
Caspase-3 Activity in the Rat Amygdala Measured by Spectrofluorometry After Myocardial Infarction
08:41

Caspase-3 Activity in the Rat Amygdala Measured by Spectrofluorometry After Myocardial Infarction

Published on: January 12, 2016

12.3K
Generation of Tilted Amygdala Slices from a Mouse Brain
02:32

Generation of Tilted Amygdala Slices from a Mouse Brain

597

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory processing
  • Fear circuitry

Background:

  • Auditory cortex (AC) projections to the lateral amygdala (LA) are known to be excitatory and involved in fear behavior.
  • The precise nature of cortical input to the LA, particularly inhibitory pathways, remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the lateral amygdala (LA) receives GABAergic projections from the auditory cortex (AC).
  • To characterize the functional impact of these potential inhibitory cortical inputs on LA principal neurons.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized optogenetics, anatomical tracing, and electrophysiology in mice (male/female).
  • Examined the direct functional effects of cortical GABAergic inputs on LA neurons.

Main Results:

  • Identified direct, long-range GABAergic projections from the auditory cortex to the lateral amygdala via cortico-lateral-amygdala somatostatin (CLA-SOM) neurons.
  • Demonstrated that these CLA-SOM projections exert a direct inhibitory influence on the output of LA principal neurons.
  • Established a novel inhibitory circuit (CLA-SOM inhibitory projections → LA principal neurons) controlling neuronal activity in the LA.

Conclusions:

  • The auditory cortex directly inhibits the lateral amygdala through a specific GABAergic pathway.
  • This inhibitory circuit dynamically modulates LA output, impacting spike timing and generation.
  • Provides a cellular mechanism for how auditory stimuli can influence fear and aversive behaviors through the balance of excitation and inhibition.