Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 34C>G variant and anthropometric parameters in metabolic syndrome

To determine the frequency of 34 Cytosine >Guanine (proline 12 alanine) variant of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, and to associate it with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and anthropometric obesity parameters.

The cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, from September 2016 to 2017, and comprised patients of metabolic syndrome and healthy controls. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements of all the subjects were recorded. Fasting blood sample of 4ml was taken for biochemical parameter and deoxyribonucleic acid extraction. The frequency of genetic variant was determined by amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.

Out of 400 subjects, 200 (50%) each were patients and controls. Overall, there were 308 (77%) males and 92 (23%) females. Patients had significantly higher blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, mid-arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness compared to the controls (p<0.0001). Insulin resistance was also significantly higher in the patients (p<0.0001) and showed significant correlation with body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, mid-arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness (p<0.05).Waist circumference and triceps skinfold thickness were significant predictors of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. Overall, the frequency of homozygous dominant genotype CC of PPAR2 34C>G was 291 (72.75%), heterozygous CG was 93 (23.25%) and homozygous recessive GG was 16 (4%).There was no significant difference in frequency of genotypes between the groups (p=0.216). However, waist circumference and body mass index were significantly lower in GG genotype compared to the CC (p=0.006 versus p=0.02).

Waist circumference and triceps skinfold thickness were found to be the significant predictors of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, while no association was found between 34 C>G variant of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and metabolic syndrome.