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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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[Practical aspects of sedation in dentistry].

A Yu Zajtsev1, V A Svetlov2, K V Dubrovin1

  • 1B.V. Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia; Boston Institute of Aesthetic Medicine, Moscow, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

Stomatologiia
|September 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Sedation in dentistry helps manage patient fear and anxiety, but current regulations require anesthesiologists to administer it. This review covers sedation drugs, methods, and safety monitoring for maxillofacial procedures.

Keywords:
dentistrydexmedetomidinemidazolammonitoringpropofolsedation

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Anesthesiology
  • Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Sedation is increasingly used in dentistry to alleviate patient fear and anxiety.
  • Current legislation often links sedation with anesthesia, restricting its administration to anesthesiologists.
  • Maxillofacial interventions frequently require sedation for patient comfort and procedural success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of sedation techniques in dental and surgical maxillofacial interventions.
  • To detail the physiological aspects of stress and psycho-emotional discomfort related to dental procedures.
  • To discuss pharmacological and practical considerations for sedation in this context.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological and pathophysiological data concerning stress and anxiety.
  • Detailed description of various sedation methods, including intranasal, inhalation, and intravenous administration.
  • Analysis of drug choices, administration routes, and potential complications.
  • Examination of modern intraoperative monitoring techniques for patient safety.

Main Results:

  • Identifies specific challenges in sedation, such as psychomotor agitation with propofol and coughing during deep sedation.
  • Highlights the importance of intraoperative monitoring, recommending capnography and Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring beyond the Harvard standard.
  • Discusses various parenteral sedation methods, detailing their administration and features.

Conclusions:

  • Effective sedation management is crucial for patient anxiety reduction in maxillofacial procedures.
  • Adherence to safety protocols, including advanced monitoring, is essential for minimizing risks associated with sedation.
  • Understanding drug-specific complications and administration nuances improves sedation efficacy and patient outcomes.