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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
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Electrolytes Change the Interfacial Water Structure but Not the Vibrational Dynamics.

Malte Deiseroth1, Mischa Bonn1, Ellen H G Backus1,2

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.

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|September 13, 2019
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Electrolytes alter interfacial water structure on aerosols, but do not change energy dissipation rates. Vibrational dynamics remain indistinguishable across pure water and electrolyte solutions, revealing consistent relaxation pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Heterogeneous ozone chemistry on aerosols is crucial for atmospheric processes.
  • Aerosol interfacial water structure, influenced by electrolytes, affects surface chemistry.
  • The impact of electrolytes on interfacial water's energy dissipation remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of electrolytes on interfacial water energy dissipation rates and mechanisms.
  • To determine if changes in interfacial water structure due to electrolytes influence vibrational dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Time-resolved sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy was employed.
  • Investigated neat water-air interface and aqueous solutions of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).

Main Results:

  • Identical relaxation pathways were observed for neat water and electrolyte solutions.
  • Vibrational lifetimes were similar across all systems, ranging from 0.2 ps to 1 ps.
  • Excitation frequency dependence of relaxation times was noted.

Conclusions:

  • Despite structural changes in interfacial water induced by electrolytes, vibrational dynamics are unaffected.
  • Energy dissipation mechanisms at the aerosol-water interface are consistent regardless of electrolyte presence.
  • Findings suggest electrolytes do not alter the fundamental vibrational relaxation processes at the interface.