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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
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Depressive Symptoms and Category Learning: A Preregistered Conceptual Replication Study.

Isa Rutten1, Wouter Voorspoels1, Sara Steegen1

  • 1University of Leuven, BE.

Journal of Cognition
|September 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found no cognitive deficits in individuals with elevated depressive symptoms on tasks requiring flexible analytic processing. Performance differences were similar across high and low depressive symptom groups on classification tasks.

Keywords:
CategorizationEmotion and cognitionExecutive functions

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Psychopathology

Background:

  • Previous research indicated cognitive deficits in individuals with depressive symptoms on tasks requiring flexible analytic processing.
  • Smith et al. (1993) found impaired performance on criterial-attribute classification tasks but not family-resemblance tasks in individuals with depressive symptoms.
  • Deficits in flexible hypothesis testing are common in major depressive disorder but less so in elevated depressive symptoms, warranting further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a high-powered, preregistered conceptual replication of Smith et al.'s (1993) Experiment 1.
  • To investigate cognitive processing differences in individuals with elevated depressive symptoms.
  • To examine performance on tasks requiring flexible analytic versus holistic processing.

Main Methods:

  • A fully preregistered, high-powered conceptual replication study.
  • Participants with varying levels of depressive symptoms completed criterial-attribute and family-resemblance classification tasks.
  • Performance was compared between individuals with high and low depressive symptoms.

Main Results:

  • No cognitive deficit was observed on the criterial-attribute task in individuals with above-average depressive symptoms.
  • A similar performance difference was found between the criterial-attribute and family-resemblance tasks for both high and low depressive symptom groups.
  • The findings suggest that elevated depressive symptoms do not necessarily impair flexible analytic processing.

Conclusions:

  • The replication failed to find evidence of a cognitive deficit in individuals with elevated depressive symptoms on the criterial-attribute task.
  • Performance patterns were similar across depressive symptom groups, challenging previous findings.
  • The absence of a deficit aligns with other research showing no such impairment in elevated depressive symptoms on different tasks.