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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Spin&amp;#8211;Spin Coupling Constant: Overview
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Controlling spin supercurrents via nonequilibrium spin injection.

Jabir Ali Ouassou1, Jason W A Robinson2, Jacob Linder3

  • 1Center for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.

Scientific Reports
|September 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We found a new way to control spin supercurrents in superconductor/ferromagnet systems using spin injection. Nonequilibrium spin accumulation exerts a torque, creating a novel, perpendicular spin supercurrent contribution.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Spintronics
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • Superconductor/ferromagnet proximity systems exhibit unique spin-dependent phenomena.
  • Spin supercurrents are crucial for understanding spin transport in these heterostructures.
  • Controlling spin supercurrents is key for spintronic device applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a mechanism for manipulating spin supercurrents in superconductor/ferromagnet systems.
  • To investigate the effects of nonequilibrium spin injection on equilibrium spin supercurrents.
  • To explore potential applications in controlling spin supercurrents.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical proposal of a spin manipulation mechanism.
  • Analysis of spin supercurrents under nonequilibrium spin injection.
  • Investigation of torque exerted by spin accumulation on spin currents.

Main Results:

  • A novel spin supercurrent contribution arises out of equilibrium.
  • This new contribution is proportional to injected spins and equilibrium spin current.
  • The new spin supercurrent is polarized perpendicularly to both injected spins and equilibrium spin current.

Conclusions:

  • Nonequilibrium spin injection provides a method to control spin supercurrents.
  • The discovered effect has implications for fundamental physics and spintronic applications.
  • This work is timely given recent experimental advancements in spin injection.