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Artificial Selection03:14

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Natural Selection and Adaptive Evolution
In natural settings, adaptive evolution takes place by natural selection, a process in which differences in traits lead to differences in survival and reproductive success between individuals. This happens because individuals with certain phenotypes have a higher probability of survival and/or produce more surviving offspring than individuals with other phenotypes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Artificial Selection: Visualization in Plants and Data Analysis - Concept
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Artificial Allomelanin Nanoparticles.

Xuhao Zhou, Naneki C McCallum, Ziying Hu

  • 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States.

ACS Nano
|September 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial allomelanin nanoparticles (AMNPs) were created from 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene. These AMNPs protect cells from UV-induced damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species.

Keywords:
DHN melaninallomelaninradiation protectionradical scavenging activitysynthetic melanin

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Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Mycology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Allomelanin, a nitrogen-free melanin in fungi, confers resistance to environmental stressors.
  • Fungal allomelanin aids survival in extreme conditions, including high radiation environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize artificial allomelanin nanoparticles (AMNPs).
  • To investigate the radical scavenging properties and cellular uptake of AMNPs.
  • To assess the protective effects of AMNPs against UV-induced oxidative stress in human skin cells.

Main Methods:

  • Oxidative oligomerization of 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,8-DHN) to synthesize AMNPs.
  • Morphological and size characterization of the synthesized AMNPs.
  • In vitro studies using neonatal human epidermal keratinocytes to evaluate AMNP uptake and radical scavenging activity.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized and characterized AMNPs with controlled morphology and size.
  • Demonstrated that AMNPs possess significant radical scavenging capabilities.
  • Confirmed uptake of AMNPs by keratinocytes, with accumulation in perinuclear caps.
  • Showed that AMNPs effectively quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by UV exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial allomelanin nanoparticles (AMNPs) can be synthesized and exhibit protective properties.
  • AMNPs demonstrate potential as radical scavengers and for mitigating UV-induced oxidative damage in skin cells.
  • The findings suggest AMNPs could be valuable in applications requiring radiation resistance and oxidative stress protection.