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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Hip Exam: Trendelenburg, Hop, Leg Roll, Ober and FABER Tests
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Changes in hip and spine movement with increasing running speed.

Michio Tojima1,2, Ayaka Osada3, Suguru Torii4

  • 1Tokyo International University: 2509 Matoba, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1198, Japan.

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Running faster increases thoracic and lumbar spine rotation and hip/lumbar extension. Lumbar spine extension may compensate for hip motion limitations, potentially stressing the lower back.

Keywords:
Hip jointRunningSpine

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Kinesiology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Understanding spinal and hip motion during running is crucial for injury prevention.
  • Running speed significantly influences biomechanical demands on the musculoskeletal system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare changes in thoracic and lumbar spine motion during running.
  • To investigate the relationship between hip and lumbar spine motion at different running speeds.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 3D motion analysis system to capture hip and spine kinematics in healthy females.
  • Measured motion at running speeds of 6, 9, and 12 km/h.
  • Employed ANOVA and correlation analyses to assess kinematic changes and relationships.

Main Results:

  • Increased running speed led to greater thoracic and lumbar spine rotation and lumbar spine/hip extension during late stance.
  • Positive correlations between hip flexion and lumbar spine extension were found at 6 and 9 km/h, but not at 12 km/h.
  • Lumbar spine extension increased with speed, potentially compensating for hip motion.

Conclusions:

  • Higher running speeds necessitate increased spinal and hip joint motion.
  • Lumbar spine extension may compensate for restricted hip motion during toe-off, potentially increasing lumbar spine stress.
  • Findings highlight the complex interplay between hip and lumbar spine biomechanics in running.